A truly exclusive car: Bristol Series 6, seen in the company's only showroom on Kensington High Street, London, June 2011

Andy's World Automobile Industry

What has Porsche got to do with Suzuki? Chrysler with Ferrari? Jaguar with Tata?

Consolidation of the global automobile industry is moving forward at a breathtaking pace. In 2010, the top ten groups

Toyota (annual production 8.6 mio. vehicles)
General Motors (8.5 mio.)
Volkswagen (7.3 mio.)
Renault-Nissan (6.7 mio.)
Hyundai-Kia (5.8 mio.)
Ford (5.0 mio.)
Honda (3.6 mio.)
Peugeot-Citroën (3.6 mio.)
Suzuki-Maruti (2.9 mio.)
FIAT (2.4 mio.)

accounted for almost three quarters of the world-wide production of 77.7 mio. vehicles. Even more impressive, the top 5 players alone made up for almost half of the global market.

But this is only one part of the story. An ever increasing number of vehicles with well-known brand names are actually manufactured by joint ventures or as license productions in China, India, and other newly industrialized countries. For example, production of SAIC including joint ventures reached 3.6 mio. vehicles, which would easily place it in the global top ten. At the same time, mergers and acquisitions which we have seen in the US, Europe, Japan and more recently also Korea are now beginning in these markets as well. Very likely, strong local brands such as Tata or BYD will enter the world market soon. The increasingly complex structure of the industry is illustrated on this page.

This page is also available in German.

Layout

The structure of an independent company is shown as follows:

independent company
brands, divisions, controlled companies	other interests

This general layout may also be cascaded. The predominant kind of product is indicated using different colors:

cars, including sport utility vehicles (SUV)
light and heavy trucks
buses and coaches
motorcycles
engines and other components; non-automotive activities
contract manufacturer or small series producer

Major overseas subsidiaries with a substantial local manufacturing capacity (usually at least 100000 units) are also included. Joint ventures are indicated by lighter colors.

Whereever available, the better known brand names are used instead of the official company names. This leads to some important simplifications: For example, no distinction is made between the "Ford Motor Company" and its "Ford" division (this is only a matter of internal organization, anyway). Names not appearing on vehicle badges, such as Daimler or GM, are set in italics. Companies are listed in alphabetical order. Click on names to go to the respective company web pages.

Details given for a company may include location of its headquarter, shares held by its parent company, production in thousands for 2010, and a list of selected production sites (in brackets). Vehicles are counted according to the brand name used, so a Toyota made by TPCA in Czechia is counted as a Toyota, and a Volkswagen made by Shanghai Volkswagen is counted as a Volkswagen.

Companies

Aixam Aix-les-Bains, France est. in 1983

AMW Mumbai, India est. in 2005

Artega Delbrück, Germany est. in 2008

Ashok Leyland Chennai, India 48
Avia Prague, Czechia acquired in 2006

Aston Martin Gaydon, Warwickshire, England est. in 1913

Beijing Automobile Works (BAW) Beijing, China 616 (not including Daimler, Hyundai)
Beijing Benz Beijing, China 50% opened in 2006	Beijing Hyundai Beijing, China	Foton Beijing, China est. in 1996

Bertone Turin, Italy

Bitter Ennepetal, Germany

BMC Izmir, Turkey est. in 1964

BMW Munich, Germany 1481 (Dingolfing, Leipzig, Munich, Regensburg)
BMW Spartanburg, SC, USA	BMW Berlin, Germany	Mini Cowley, England acquired in 1994	Rolls-Royce Goodwood, England acquired in 1998/2003	Brilliance BMW Shenyang, Liaoning, China
	Husqvarna Varese, Italy

Bosch Stuttgart, Germany

Brilliance Shenyang, Liaoning, China 434 (not including BMW)
Brilliance BMW Shenyang, Liaoning, China	Jinbei Shenyang, Liaoning, China	Zhonghua Shenyang, Liaoning, China

Bristol London, England (Filton) est. in 1946

Build Your Dream (BYD) Shenzhen, China 521 est. in 2003

Caterham Caterham, England

Changan Chongqing, China 1103 (not including Ford, Suzuki)
Changan Ford Chongqing, China 50%	Changan Suzuki Chongqing, China 51%

Changfeng Changsha, Hunan, China

Changhe Jingdezhen, Jiangxi,China
Changhe Suzuki Jingdezhen, Jiangxi,China

Chery Wuhu, Anhui, China 692 est. in 1997
Riich (Ruiqi) brand est. in 2010	Rely (Weilin) brand est. in 2010

China Motor xxx, Taiwan
	Soueast Fuzhou, Fujian, China 25%

Daewoo Bus Busan, Korea est. in 1955

Daimler Stuttgart, Germany 1940
AMG Affalterbach, Germany	Freightliner Portland, OR, USA acquired in 1981		FUSO Tokyo, Japan 85% acquired in 2003-2005	Maybach brand relaunch in 2002	Mercedes-Benz brand (Bremen, Düsseldorf, Gaggenau, Ludwigsfelde, Mannheim, Rastatt, Sindelfingen, Ulm, Untertürkheim, Wörth)				Orion Mississauga, ON, Canada	Setra Ulm, Germany	Smart Biel, Switzerland (Hambach, France)	EADS Schiphol Rijk, The Netherlands 22.5% est. in 1999	KAMAZ Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia 10% acquired in 2008	McLaren Woking, England 40% acquired in 2000	MTU Friedrichshafen, Germany 22.3% acquired in 2008	Nissan Yokohama, Japan 3.1% acquired in 2010	Renault Boulogne-Billancourt, France 3.1% acquired in 2010	Tata Pune, India 7%	Tesla San Carlos, CA, USA 10% acquired in 2009
	Thomas Built Buses High Point, NC, USA acquired in 1998	Western Star Kelowna, BC, Canada acquired in 2000			Mercedes-Benz East London, South Africa	Mercedes-Benz Vitoria, Spain	Mercedes-Benz Tuscaloosa, AL, USA	Beijing Benz Beijing, China 50% est. in 2005				Airbus Blagnac, France 80% est. in 1970

Dongfeng Wuhan, Hubei, China 650
Dongfeng Honda xxx, China 50%	Dongfeng Nissan xxx, China 50%	Dongfeng Yueda Kia xxx, China 50%	DPCA Wuhan, Hubei, China est. in 1992

Eicher New Delhi, India est. in 1982
Royal Enfield Chennai, India est. in 1955

Eterniti London, England

FIAT Turin, Italy 2410 (not including Chrysler)
Abarth xxx, Italy est. in 1949 acquired in 1971	Alfa Romeo Milano, Italy acquired in 1986	Chrysler Auburn Hills, MI, USA 53.5% acquired since 2009 1578 (Belvidere, IL, Detroit, MI, Sterling Heights, MI, Toledo, OH, Warren, MI)					Ferrari Maranello, Italy 85% acquired since 1969	FIAT Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil	FIAT Tychy, Poland	Lancia Turin, Italy acquired in 1969	IVECO xxx, Italy est. in 1975				Magneti Marelli Corbetta, Italy	Maserati Modena, Italy acquired in 1993	SEVEL Atessa, Italy	SEVEL Nord Valenciennes, France	TOFAS Bursa, Turkey 50% est. in 1968
		Chrysler Windsor, ON, Canada	Chrysler Toluca, Mexico	Dodge est. in 1914, acquired in 1928	Jeep	Ram					Irisbus Barcelona, Spain est. in 1999			Naveco Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
											Heuliez xxx, France	Karosa Vysoke Myto, Czechia	Orlandi

First Automobile Works (FAW) Changchun, China 896 (not including Mazda, Toyota, Volkswagen)
FAW-Mazda Changchun, China	FAW-Volkswagen Changchun, China 60% est. in 1991	Haima Haikou, China	Tianjin Toyota Tianjin, China 50% est. in 2000

Fisker Irvine, CA, USA

Force Pune, India
MAN Force Pithampur, India 50%

Ford Dearborn, MI, USA 4988 (Avon Lake, OH, Chicago, IL, Claycomo, MO, Louisville, KY, Wayne, MI)
Auto Alliance Rayong, Thailand 50%	Ford Genk, Belgium	Ford xxx, Brazil	Ford xxx, Canada	Ford Cologne, Germany (Cologne, Saarlouis)	Ford xxx, Mexico (Hermosillo, Cuautitlán)	Ford Valencia, Spain	Ford	Ford Lio Ho xxx, Taiwan 70%	Lincoln	Changan Ford Chongqing, China 50%	Jiangling Nanchang, Jianxi, China 30%	Mazda Hiroshima, Japan stake reduced to 14.9% in 2008	Visteon Van Buren Township, MI, USA est. in 1997

GAZ Nishny Novgorod, Russia
LDV Birmingham, England acquired in 2006 bankrupt in 2009

Geely Linhai, Zhejiang, China 802 est. in 1997
Emgrand brand est. in 2009	Gleagle brand est. in 2009	Shanghai Englon brand est. in 2009	Volvo Gothenburg, Sweden est. in 1927 acquired in 2010 (Torslanda)
			Volvo Gent, Belgium

General Motors (GM) Detroit, MI, USA 8476 (Arlington, TX, Bowling Green, KY, Delta Township, MI, Flint, MI, Hamtramck, MI, Lansing, MI, Lordstown, OH, Orion Township, MI, Roanoke, IN, Tarrytown, NY, Wentzville, MO)
Buick division	Cadillac division	Chevrolet division	GM Korea (ex Daewoo) Incheon, Korea 70.1% (Changwon, Incheon, Kunsan)	GM xxx, Brazil	GM Oshawa, ON, Canada	GM Ramos Arizpe, Mexico	GMC division	Holden Melbourne, Australia	Opel Rüsselsheim, Germany acquired in 1929 (Bochum, Eisenach, Kaiserslautern, Rüsselsheim)		Vauxhall Luton, England acquired in 1924	GM-Avtovaz Togliatti, Russia 42% est. in 2001	Shanghai General Motors Shanghai, China 50%	Wuling Liuzhou, Guangxi, China 34%
									Opel Gliwice, Poland	Opel Zagagoza, Spain

Ginaf Veenendaal, The Netherlands

Great Wall Baoding, Hebei, China 399 est. in 1984

Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group (GAIG) Guangzhou, China
Guangzhou Honda Guangzhou, China 50%	Guangzhou Toyota Guangzhou, China opened in 2006

Gumpert Altenburg, Germany

Hafei Harbin, China est. in 1994

Hindustan Chennai, India

Honda Tokyo, Japan 3643 (Hamamatsu, Sayama, Suzuka)
Acura brand	Honda Swindon, England	Honda xxx, Taiwan	Honda Marysville, OH, USA opened in 1979	Honda Lincoln, AL, USA opened in 2001	Honda	Dongfeng Honda xxx, China 50%	Guangzhou Honda Guangzhou, China 50%

Hyundai Seoul, Korea 5765 (Asan, Chonju, Ulsan) est. in 1967
HMMA Montgomery, AL, USA opened in 2005	Hyundai Nošovice, Czechia opened in 2008	Hyundai Chennai, India est. in 1996	Kia Seoul, Korea 51% acquired in 1998 (Hwasung, Kwangju, Sohari) est. in 1944			Beijing Hyundai Beijing, China
			Kia Zilina, Slovakia opened in 2006	KMMG West Point, GA, USA opened in 2009	Dongfeng Yueda Kia xxx, China 50%

International (Navistar) Chicago, IL, USA

International Application Technology (IAT) xxx, China

Iran Khodro Tehran, Iran
Hyundai license production	Mercedes-Benz license production	Peugeot license production

Isuzu Tokyo, Japan 488

JAC (Anhui Jianghuai) Hefei, Anhui, China 439 est. in 1964

Jiangling (JMC) Nanchang, Jianxi, China opened in 1997
Landwind brand

KAMAZ Naberezhnye Chelny, Tatarstan, Russia est. in 1969

Koenigsegg Ängelholm, Sweden est. in 1993

Lada Togliatti, Russia 546
	GM-Avtovaz Togliatti, Russia 42% est. in 2001

Lifan Chongqing, China est. in 1992 126

Magna Aurora, ON, Canada
Magna Steyr Graz, Austria

Mahindra Mumbai, India 292
Reva Bangalore, India est. in 1994 acquired in 2010	SsangYong Pyungtaek, Korea est. in 1954 acquired in 2011 (Changwon, Pyungtaek)

MAN Munich, Germany 128
MAN Vienna, Austria (Steyr, Vienna)	MAN Starachowice, Poland acquired in 1999	Neoplan Stuttgart, Germany acquired in 2000	VW Resende, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil acquired in 2009	MAN Force Pithampur, India 50%	Scania Södertälje, Sweden 11.5% acquired in 2006	Sinotruk Jinan, Shandong, China 25% acquired in 2009

Mastretta Mexico City, Mexico

Mazda Hiroshima, Japan 1308
Auto Alliance Rayong, Thailand 50%	FAW-Mazda Changchun, China	Haima Haikou, China

MCI (Motor Coach Industries) Schaumburg, IL, USA

Mitsubishi Tokyo, Japan 1174 (Mizushima, Nagoya)
Mitsubishi xxx, Philippines 51%	Mitsubishi xxx, Thailand	Mitsubishi Normal, IL, USA	NedCar Born, The Netherlands 100% acquired in 2001	Changfeng Changsha, Hunan, China 14.6%	China Motor xxx, Taiwan 13.9%	Soueast Fuzhou, Fujian, China 25%

Mitsuoka Tokyo, Japan

Morgan Malvern Link, England

Moskvitch Moscow, Russia

NICE London, England est. in 2006

Oshkosh Oshkosh, WI, USA

Paccar Bellevue, WA, USA
DAF Eindhoven, The Netherlands acquired in 1996	Foden Sandbach, England	Kenworth	Peterbilt

Pagani San Cesario sul Panaro, Italy est. in 1988

Perodua Rawang, Malaysia

Peugeot (PSA) Paris, France 3606
Citroën Neuilly sur Seine, France 90% acquired in 1974-1976	Faurecia Nanterre, France 71%	Peugeot Trnava, Slovakia	Peugeot xxx, Spain	SEVEL Atessa, Italy	SEVEL Nord Valenciennes, France	TPCA Kolin, Czechia 50% opened in 2005	DPCA Wuhan, Hubei, China est. in 1992

Pininfarina Turin, Italy

Porsche Stuttgart, Germany 96 (Stuttgart, Leipzig)

Proton Shah Alam, Malaysia 172
Lotus Norwich, England acquired in 1996

Rába Gyõr, Hungary

Renault Boulogne-Billancourt, France 2716 (not including Nissan)
Dacia Bucharest, Romania 99% acquired since 1999 (Pitesi)	Nissan Yokohama, Japan 43.2% acquired in 1999-2002 3982 (Fukuoka, Iwaki, Utsunomiya, Yokohama, Yokosuka)										Renault Novo Mesto, Slovenia	Renault xxx, Spain	Renault Bursa, Turkey	Samsung Seoul, Korea 70.1% acquired in 2000 (Busan)	Daimler Stuttgart, Germany 1.6% acquired in 2010	Lada Togliatti, Russia 25% acquired in 2007	Volvo Göteborg, Sweden 20% acquired in 2000
	Infiniti brand	Nissan Sunderland, England	Nissan Aguascalientes, Mexico	Nissan Barcelona, Spain	Nissan xxx, Thailand	Nissan Smyrna, TN, USA	Daimler Stuttgart, Germany 1.6% acquired in 2010	Dongfeng Nissan xxx, China 50%	Renault Boulogne-Billancourt, France 15% acquired in 2002	Yulon xxx, Taiwan 25%

Ruf Pfaffenhausen, Germany est. in 1939

SAAB Trollhättan, Sweden est. in 1947 bankrupt in 2011

Saipa Tehran, Iran
Citroën license production	Kia license production

Saleen Irvine, CA, USA est. in 1983

Santana Linares, Spain est. in 1956

Schaeffler Herzogenaurach, Germany
Continental Hannover, Germany
VDO Schwalbach, Germany acquired in 2007

Shaanxi Xian, Shaanxi, China
Eurostar brand

Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC) Shanghai, China 347 (not including GM, Volkswagen)
Nanjing (NAC) Nanjing, Jiangsu, China acquired in 2007			Roewe brand est. in 2006	Shanghai General Motors Shanghai, China 50%	Shanghai Volkswagen Shanghai, China 50%	Wuling Liuzhou, Guangxi, China 51%	GM Korea Incheon, Korea 9.7% acquired in 2002
MG Longbridge, England acquired in 2005	Naveco Nanjing, Jiangsu, China	Yuejin brand

Shuanghuan Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China est. in 1988

Sinotruk Jinan, Shandong, China 106

Sisu Karjaa, Finland

Solaris Owinska, Poland est. in 1994

Soueast Fuzhou, Fujian, China est. in 1995

Spyker Zeewolde, The Netherlands est. in 1999

Subaru Tokyo, Japan 491
SIA Lafayette, IN, USA est. in 1987

Suzuki Hamamatsu, Japan 2893
Maruti New Delhi, India 54% est. in 1981	Pak Suzuki Karachi, Pakistan 73% est. in 1983	Suzuki Esztergom, Hungary est. in 1993	Suzuki	Changan Suzuki Chongqing, China 35%	Changhe Suzuki Jingdezhen, Jiangxi,China	GM Korea Incheon, Korea 15% acquired in 2002 (Changwon, Incheon, Kunsan)

Tango Spokane, WA, USA

Tata Pune, India 1011 est. in 1945
Tata Daewoo Kunsan, Korea acquired in 2004	Jaguar Whitley, England est. in 1922, acquired in 2008 (Birmingham, Liverpool)	Land Rover Solihull, England est. in 1948, acquired in 2008	Tata Hispano Zaragoza, Spain acquired in 2010

Tatra Koprivnice, Czechia

Temsa Adana, Turkey est. in 1968

Tesla San Carlos, CA, USA

Think Snarøya, Norway bankrupt in 2011

Toyota Toyota City, Japan 8557 (including Daihatsu, Hino) (Hekinan, Miyoshi, Tahara, Toyota City)
Daihatsu Osaka, Japan 51.6%	Hino Tokyo, Japan 50.1%	Kuozui xxx, Taiwan	Lexus brand	Panasonic EV Energy Kosai, Shizuoka, Japan 60% est. in 1996	Scion brand launched in 2003	TMMC Cambridge, ON, Canada	TMMK Georgetown, KY, USA	TMUK Burnaston, England	Toyota xxx, Thailand	TPCA Kolin, Czechia 50% opened in 2005	Aisin Kariya, Aichi, Japan 30%	Denso Aichi, Japan	Guangzhou Toyota Guangzhou, China opened in 2006	Subaru Tokyo, Japan 10% acquired in 2005	Tianjin Toyota Tianjin, China 42% est. in 2000	Yamaha Iwata City, Japan 4.6%

TVR Blackpool, England

UAZ Ulianovsk , Russia

Ural Miass , Russia

Valmet Uusikaupunki, Finland

Van Hool Lier, Belgium

VDL Valkenswaard, The Netherlands
VDL BOVA Valkenswaard, The Netherlands acquired in 2003

Volkswagen (VW) Wolfsburg, Germany 7341 (Braunschweig, Dresden, Emden, Hannover, Kassel, Mosel, Salzgitter, Wolfsburg)
Audi Ingolstadt, Germany acquired in 1966 (Ingolstadt, Neckarsulm)			Bentley Crewe, England acquired in 1998	Bugatti Molsheim, France acquired in 1998 relaunch in 2005	MAN Munich, Germany 56% acquired since 2006	Scania Södertälje, Sweden 72% acquired in 2000-2009	SEAT Barcelona, Spain 100% acquired in 1986-1990 (Barcelona, Martorell)	Škoda Mladá Boleslav, Czechia 100% acquired in 1990-2000	VW Brussels, Belgium	VW xxx, Brazil (Anchieta, SP, Resende, RJ, Taubaté, SP)	VW Puebla, Mexico	VW Poznan, Poland	VW Palmela, Portugal	VW Kaluga, Russia	VW Bratislava, Slovakia	VW Pamplona, Spain	VW Chattanooga, TN, USA opened in 2011	FAW-Volkswagen Changchun, China 30% est. in 1991	Porsche Stuttgart, Germany 49.9% acquired in 2009	Shanghai Volkswagen Shanghai, China 50%	Suzuki Hamamatsu, Japan 19.9% acquired in 2010
Audi Gyõr, Hungary est. in 1993	Lamborghini Sant'Agata Bolognese, Italy acquired in 1998	FAW-Volkswagen Changchun, China 10% est. in 1991

Volvo Gothenburg, Sweden 192 est. in 1927
Mack Allentown, PA, USA 100% acquired in 2001	Nissan Diesel Ageo City, Japan 100% acquired in 2006-2007	Prevost Ste. Claire, QC, Canada 51% acquired in 1995	Renault Trucks Saint Priest, France 100% acquired in 2001

Wiesmann Dülmen, Germany

Yaxing Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

Yulon xxx, Taiwan
Luxgen brand est. in 2009	China Motor xxx, Taiwan 8%

Yutong Zhengzhou, Henan, China est. in 1963

References

Details given here were collected from the respective company web pages, and the following sources:

Auto Motor und Sport (in German)
Der Spiegel (in German)
Die Welt (in German)
Financial Times Deutschland (in German)
Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association
Korea Automobile Manufacturers Association
Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles
The Korea Herald
James P. Womack, Daniel T. Jones, Daniel Roos, The Machine that changed the World: The Story of Lean Production. Harper Perennial, New York, 1991

About ...

Comments? Updates? Something missing? I would be happy to hear from you! Thanks to Ali (Alberzell), Chandresh (), Hajo (Montgomery, AL), Isa (Villingen-Schwenningen), Jason (Taichung), Johannes (Saarbrücken), Kristine (London), Mayumi (Fukuoka), Norio (Tokyo), and Peter (North Ferrisburg, VT) for helpful comments and hints.

All material appearing on this page has been thoroughly checked, but may be incomplete or out of date. No responsibility can be assumed for any inaccuracies.